Researchers´ Profiles - Alan John Parkinson

Alan John Parkinson, PhD, is Deputy Director of the Arctic Investigations Program of the National Center for Infectious Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in Anchorage, Alaska, USA. Originally a New Zealander, he was educated at Otago University in Dunedin, receiving the BSc Honours in 1973 and the PhD in 1976, with a dissertation on "Radioimmunoassay of antiviral antibody".

Appointments:

• 1977-84 Adjunct Assistant Professor of Research Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma
   
• 1979-84 Adjunct Assistant Professor of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahoma
   
• 1980-84 Graduate Faculty Member, University of Oklahoma
   
• 1980-84 Staff Scientist, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
   
• 1984 - Chief, Laboratory Branch, Arctic Investigations Laboratory, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Anchorage, AK 99501
   
• 1991 - Deputy Director, Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Anchorage, AK 99501
   
• 1995- Senior Associate, Department of International Health, School of Hygiene and Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21205
   
• 1995- Affiliate Professor, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage
   
• 1996- Affiliate Professor of Pathobiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington Seattle.
   
• 1996-98 Acting Director, Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Anchorage AK 99501.
   
• 1998- Principal Research Associate; Affiliate Professor of Biology, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
   
• 1998- CDC Representative to US Arctic Council and Policy Group
   
• 2000- Affiliate Professor Biomedical Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage
   

Memberships:

A. American Society for Microbiology
B. Infectious Disease Society of America
C. American Society for Circumpolar Health

Publications:

• Robinson, AD., Hollingshead ,SK., Musser, JM.., Parkinson, AJ., Briles ,DE., Crain, MJ. 1998 . The IS1167 insertion sequence is a phylogenetically informative markers among isolates of serotype 6B Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Molecular Evolution. 47:222-229
   
• Rudolph KM., Parkinson AJ., Roberts MC. 1998 Molecular analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B isolates from selected areas within the United States by pulse-field electrophoresis and antibiogram.J Clin Microbiol. 36: 2703-2707.
   
• Parkinson, A.J., Cuthbert, M., Bulkow, L., Davidson, M., Petersen, K., and Clift, S.E.: 1999. Microbial etiology of chronic otitis media with effusion in Alaska Native children. Alaska Med.41(2):27-33.
   
• McMahon, B.J., Parkinson, A.J., Rudolph, K., Davidson, M., and Grabman, J.: 1999. Sepsis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in an alcoholic patient who received pneumococcal vaccine. Clin Infect Dis. 28:1162-64.
   
• Galil K., Singleton RS., Levine OS, Fitzgerald MA.., Bulkow L., Perkins B., Parkinson AJ. 1999. Reemergence of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in a well-vaccinated population in remote Alaska. J Infect. Dis 179:101-6.
   
• Robinson DA, Turner S, Facklam RR, Parkinson AJ, Breiman R, Gratten M, Hollingshead SK, Briles DE, Crain MJ. 1999. Molecular characterization of globally distributed lineage of serotype 12F Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease. J Infect Dis. 179:414-22
   
• Butler JC, Parkinson AJ, Funk E, Beller M, Hayes G, Hughes JM. 1999. Emerging infectious diseases in Alaska and the Arctic: A review and a strategy for the 21st century. Alaska Med. 41(2). 35-43.
   
• Young-Hwa Chung, McMahon BJ, Lanier AP, Alter MJ, Parkinson AJ., Zanis C, DiBisceglie A.1999 Evidence for non-A, non-B, non-C as an etiologic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int. J. Circumpolar Health. 58: 208-213
   
• Rudolph KM, Crain MJ, Parkinson AJ, Roberts MC. 1999 Characterization of a multi-resistant clone of invasive Streptococus pneumoniae serotype 6B in Alaska using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PsPa typing. J. Infect Dis. 180:1577-83
   
• Karron RA, Singleton RJ, Bulkow L, Parkinson AJ, Kruse D, DeSmet I, Indorf C, Petersen KM, Leombruno D, Hurlburt D, Santosham M, Harrison LH. 1999. Severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in Alaska Native children. J. Infect. Dis. 180:41-9.
   
• Bulkow LR, Levine OS, Singleton R, Carlone G, Pais L, Parkinson AJ. 1999. Enhanced immunogenicity of a sequential Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine schedule in Alaska Native infants. Ped. Infect Dis J. 18:1023-1024.
   
• Lucher LA, Singleton R, Parkinson AJ, Butler JC. 1999. The challenge of ongoing Haemophilus influenzae type b transmission in Alaska. Alaska Med. 41:61-68.
   
• Parkinson AJ, Bell A, Butler JC. 1999 International Circumpolar Surveillance of Infectious Diseases: monitoring community health in the Arctic. Int J Circumpolar Health. 58 (4):222-225.
   
• Parkinson AJ., Bulkow L, Wainwright RB, Gold B., Swaminathan B, Petersen KM, and Fitzgerald MA. 2000 High prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and an association with low serum ferritin in the Alaska Native population. Clin. Lab Diag. Immunol Accepted November issue
   
• McMahon BJ, Parkinson AJ. Clinical significance and management of persons who have antibody to hepatitis B core antigen as the only marker of HBV infection. 2000. Accepted Viral Hepatitis Reviews.
   
• Miernyk KM, Rudolph KM, Parkinson AJ, Petersen KM, Bulkow LR, Ward JI, Santoshum M. 2000 Immunogenicity of a hepatavalent pneumococcal vaccine in American Indian , Alaska Native, and non Native Infants < 2 years of age. Clin Infect Dis. 31:34-41
   
• Perdue DG., Bulkow LR, Peterson KM, Singleton, RS, Gellen B., Davidson, M.. Parkinson AJ. 2000 Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Alaskan residents aged 10 years and older before and after infant vaccination programs. JAMA. 283 (23)3089-94.
   
• Rudolph KM, Parkinson AJ, Reasonover AL, Bulkow LR, Parks DJ, Butler JC. 2000. Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Alaska 1991-1998. J.Infect. Dis. 182:490-496.
   
• Sebbelov AM, Davidson M, Kjaer SK, Jensen H, Gregoire L, Hawkins I, Parkinson AJ, Norrild B. 2000. Comparison of human papillomavirus genotypes in archival cervical cancer specimens from Alaska Natives Greenland Natives and Danish Caucasians. Microbes and Infection (2) 2000:121-126.
   
• Singleton R, Bulkow LR, Levine OS, Parkinson AJ. 2000. Experience with the prevention of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease by vaccination in Alaska: The impact of persistent oropharyngeal carriage. J. Pediatrics 137(3);313-320.
   
• Jeong JY,Mukhopadhyay AK, Dailidiene D, Wang Y, Velapatino B, Gilman RH, Parkinson AJ, etal. 2000. Sequential inactivation of rdxA (HP0954) and frxA (HP0642) nitroreductase genes causes moderate and high-level metronidazole resistance in Helicobacter pylori J. Bacteriol. 182(18) 5082-5090.
   
• Williams, J., Christensen, C.J., McMahon, B.J., Bulkow, LR., Cagle, H.H., Mayers J.S., Zanis, CR., Parkinson, A.J., and Margolis H.S. 2001. Evaluation of the response to a booster dose of hepatitis b vaccine in previously immunized healthcare workers. Vaccine 19: 4081-4085.
   
• Rudolph, K.M., Parkinson, A.J., Roberts, M.C. 2001. Mechanisms of erythromycin and trimethoprim resistance in the Alaska Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B clone. J Antimicrob. Chemothrapy. 48: 315-326
   
• Kersulyte, D., Velapatino, B., Dailide, G., Mukhopadhyay, A.K., Cahuayme L., Parkinson, A.J., Gilman R.H. and Berg D.E. 2002. Transposable element ISHp608 of Helicobacter pylori: non-random geographic distribution, functional organization and insertion specificity. In press. J. Bacteriol. 184:(4)
   
• Kersulyte, D., Velapatino, B., Dailide, G., Mukhopadhyay, A.K., Cahuayme L., Parkinson, A.J., Gilman R.H. and Berg D.E. 2002. Transposable element ISHp608 of Helicobacter pylori: non-random geographic distribution, functional organization and insertion specificity. In press. J. Bacteriol. 184:(4)
   
• Hennessy, TW., Petersen, K.M., Bruden, D., Butler., J.C., Parkinson, A.J., Hurlburt, D., Getty, M., Schwartz, B. 2002. Changes in antibiotic prescribing practices and carriage of penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: A controlled intervention trial in rural Alaska. Clin. Infect. Dis. 34:1543-1550.
   
• Lucher, LA., Reeves MW., Hennessy T., Levine, OS., Popovic T., Rosenstein, N., Parkinson AJ. 2002. Re-emergence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in southwestern Alaska due to strains indistinguishable from those from vaccinated children. J. Infect. Dis. 186:958-65.
   
• Parkinson, A.J., Butler, J.C. 2002. Prevention and control of infectious diseases in the Arctic. Arctic Research of the United States. 15: 27-31.
   
• O’Brien, K.L., Moulton, L.H., Reid, R., Weatherholtz, R., Oski, J., Brown, L., Kumar, G., Parkinson, A.J., Hu, D., Hackell, J., Chang, I., Kohberger, R., Siber, G., Santosham, M.. 2003. Efficacy and safety of a seven-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in American Indian children: a group randomized trial. Lancet 362: 355-361.
   
• Benin, A.L., O’Brien, K.L., Watt, J.P., Reid, R., Zell, E.R., Katz, S., Donaldson, C., Parkinson, A.J., Schuchat, A., Santosham, M., Whitney, C.G. 2003. Effectiveness of the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease in Navajo adults. J. Infect. Dis. 188:81-89.
   
• McMahon, BJ., Hennessy, TW., Bensler, M., Bruden, DL., Parkinson, AJ., Morris, JM., Reasonover, AL., Hurlbert DA., Bruce, MG., Sacco, F., Butler, JC. 2003. The relationship among previous antimicrobial use, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment outcomes for Helicobacter pylori infections. Ann. Inter. Med. 139: (6), 463-469.
   
• Watt, PJ., O’Brien, KL, Benin, AL, Whitney CG, Robinson, K, Parkinson, AJ., Reid, R, Santosham, M. 2004. Invasive pneumococcal disease among Navajo adults. Clin Infect Dis. 38 (4):496-501.
   
• Baggett, HC., Hennessy, TW., Rudolph K., Bruden, D., Raesonover A., Parkinson AJ., Sparks, R., Donlan, RM., Martinez., Mongkolrattanothai, K., Butler JC. 2004. Community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus, associated with antibiotic use and cytotoxin panton-valentine leukociden during a furnunculosis outbreak in rural Alaska. JID 189(9); 1565-1573.
   
• O’Brien KL, Shaw J, Weatherholtz R, Reid R, Watt J, Croll J, Dagan R, Parkinson AJ, Santosham M. 2004. Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae among Navajo children in the era before use of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines, 1989-1996. Am J Epidemiol 160:270-8.
   
• Petersen, K.M., Bulkow, L.R., McMahon, B.J., Zanis, C., Getty, M., Peters, H., Parkinson,AJ. 2004. Duration of Hepatitis B immunity in low risk children receiving Hepatitis B vaccinations from birth. Pediatric Infectious Dis J. 23(7): 650-655.
   
• Moore, M.R., Hyde, T.B., Hennessey, T.W., Parks, D.J., Reasonover, A.L., Harker-Jones, M., Gove, J., Bruden, D.L., Rudolph, K., Parkinson, A.J., Butler J.C., Schuchat, A. 2004. Impact of a conjugate vaccine on community-wide carriage of non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in Alaska. J. Infect. Dis 190:2031-2038.
   
• Gessner, G.D., Baggett, H.C., Muth, P.T., Dunaway E., Gold, B.G., Ziding, F., Parkinson, A.J. 2005. A household-randomized controlled open-label trial of the effect of Helicobacter pylori treatment on iron deficiency among children in rural Alaska. Submitted NEJM January 2005.
   
• Morris J.M., Reasonover, A.L., Bruden D.L., Bruce, M.G., McMahon, B.J., Sacco, F.D., Berg, D.E., Parkinson, A.J. 2005. Evaluation of a rapid fluorescent in-situ hybridization test (seaFAST), for detection of H.pylori and resistance to clarithromycin in paraffin embedded biopsy sections. Submitted J. Clin. Micro January 2005.
   
• McMahon, BJ., Bruce, MG., Hennessy TW., Bruden DL., Sacco. F., Hurlbert, DA., Morris JM., Reasonover AL., Dailide G., Berg, DE., Parkinson AJ. 2005. Reinfection after successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori: A two year prospective study in Alaska Natives. Submitted Am J. Gastenterology January 2005.

e.mail: ajp1@cdc.gov